The structure of DNA, often referred to as a double helix, is the blueprint for all living organisms. DNA is made up of two strands that twist together, forming a helical shape. Each strand consists of nucleotides, which are composed of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. These bases pair specifically: adenine with thymine, and cytosine with guanine, forming the genetic code.
DNA carries genetic information essential for cell function and inheritance. It plays a key role in the synthesis of proteins, which are necessary for life. Understanding DNA’s structure and function has led to groundbreaking discoveries in genetics, medicine, and forensics, from gene editing to DNA fingerprinting.