Space travel presents a host of challenges, from the dangers of cosmic radiation to the need for sustainable life support systems. Astronauts face the risk of radiation from the Sun and cosmic rays, which can damage cells and DNA, increasing the risk of cancer and other health issues. Protecting astronauts from this radiation is a critical concern for future deep-space missions.
Additionally, the lack of gravity in space can lead to muscle atrophy and bone density loss, while the confined space and psychological effects of long-duration missions pose other unique hurdles. As humans look to explore Mars and beyond, overcoming these challenges will be key to ensuring the safety and success of future missions.