Magnetism is a force that causes materials like iron and steel to attract or repel each other. The Earth itself is a giant magnet, with a magnetic field that protects the planet from harmful solar radiation. Magnets have two poles, north and south, and opposite poles attract, while like poles repel each other.
Electromagnetism is the interaction between electricity and magnetism. When an electric current flows through a wire, it creates a magnetic field around the wire, which can be used to create powerful electromagnets. Electromagnetic forces are essential in the operation of electric motors, transformers, and even devices like MRI machines.